Indonesia

Group of smartly dressed people standing outside building

Indonesia

Introduction
More than two decades since the 1998 reforms that brought an end to the New Order regime and returned the power to vote in direct elections to the people, Indonesia is often called a beacon of democracy in the Southeast Asia region. However, challenges to inclusive and accountable politics across the different levels of Indonesia’s complex democracy remain.

Since 2016, WFD has worked with national and subnational legislatures as well as civil society and thought leaders in Indonesia. WFD’s mission in the country has emphasised incorporating human rights principles in both policymaking and its implementation. An important landmark in this effort was the introduction of post-legislative scrutiny mechanism in the Indonesian Parliament, a process which WFD supported extensively.

WFD Indonesia also supports the parliament’s efforts to enhance its transparency and accountability through the Open Parliament initiative. In 2020, WFD’s environmental democracy project began to aid the parliament in responding to growing concerns over environmental sustainability, in line with the country’s green economy commitment. In 2022, WFD Indonesia began implementing a regional project aimed at advancing women’s political leadership alongside other offices in Southeast Asia.

Key areas of work

Open parliament

The House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR), the lower house of Indonesia’s parliament, declared its open parliament initiative in 2018. Indonesia was the first country in Asia to join the global initiative. In December 2018, the DPR published its first Open Parliament Indonesia National Action Plan (OPI NAP); co-created with WFD and local civil society stakeholders spearheaded by the Indonesian Parliamentary Center (IPC).

WFD has also facilitated the sharing of knowledge and experience of open parliament between MPs and civil society leaders from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Following this support, in December 2020, the second open parliament national action plan was published with wider civil society participation in the process. The plan sets out how open legislation and open data principles would enhance transparency and public participation in parliamentary processes. In 2020, WFD succeeded in widening the participation of civil society stakeholders in the co-creation of the open parliament second action plan from 1 to 12 civil society organisations. 

WFD supports the open parliament initiative through the Inclusive and Accountable Politics (IAP) programme funded by the UK FCDO.

Financial oversight

WFD works closely with the Indonesian parliament’s Public Accounts Committee (Badan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara or BAKN) to continually improve parliament’s oversight of government budget and expenditure.

Through the Inclusive and Accountable Politics (IAP) programme, WFD has provided extensive learning opportunities for the BAKN by facilitating study visits to the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons as well as the UK National Audit Office, holding thematic workshops, and training the committee’s staff and leadership.

WFD continues to be a partner to the committee in upholding its mandate and carrying out its role in scrutinising public finances. Capacity building initiatives facilitated by WFD have successfully led to the BAKN’s first assessment of government spending in 2020 which focused on energy subsidies. 

Protecting human rights

WFD has played a central role in introducing methods to review the application, effectiveness and consequences of laws to the Indonesian Parliament at both national and subnational levels. This practice is known as post-legislative scrutiny.

An amendment to the 2011 Law on Formation of Legislation in 2019 established the procedure for legislative scrutiny in the legislation cycle. With support from the British and Canadian Embassies in Jakarta, WFD ran a string of post-legislative scrutiny pilot projects in subnational parliaments focusing on local regulations that discriminate against women, religious minorities, LGBT+ people, and people with disabilities.

Environmental democracy

In 2020, WFD organised a series of focus group discussions on environmental issues with cross-committee MPs in partnership with the Inter-Parliamentary Cooperation Committee (BKSAP) of DPR RI. In 2021, as part of the Partnership for Accelerated Climate Transitions (UK PACT) programme managed by BEIS and later FCDO, WFD began implementing a project aimed at strengthening the role of DPR RI in raising the ambition level of Indonesia’s climate action through more evidence-based and inclusive legislation, robust oversight of the government’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) commitments delivery, and the incorporation of green budgeting framework into the parliament’s budget oversight model. 

Women’s Political Leadership

In 2022, as part of a cross-country ASEAN regional programme funded by Global Affairs Canada through its Pro-Dem Fund, WFD began implementing a project aimed at addressing the barriers to women’s political leadership in Indonesia. In 2022, in partnership with UN Women Indonesia, WFD facilitated the signing of a declaration to fight violence against women in politics by all 9 political parties with seats in DPR RI as well as a representative of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD RI). In 2023, WFD trained over 170 women legislative candidates ahead of the 2024 election and launched a comprehensive module dissecting the structural, financial, and sociocultural challenges faced by women in politics. 

Current programmes

Advancing equal societies through women's political leadership and participation in ASEAN (Phase II)

Status
Underway
1
Start date
Planned end date

Advancing EU-IDN policy dialogue on climate legislation

Status
Underway
9
Start date
Planned end date

ASEAN environmental democracy framework observatory (Phase I)

Status
Underway
5
Start date
Planned end date

Completed programmes

Enhancing information transparency and inclusion through open parliament

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Making Indonesia climate action deliver through environmental democracy (Phase I) 

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Enhancing parliamentary oversight through public accounts scrutiny

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Supporting the development of an open parliament road map

In 2020, WFD co-created the second open parliament national action plan with DPR RI and local civil society partners with commitments to improve legislative transparency and information disclosure within the parliament.

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Protecting human rights through legislative scrutiny

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Supporting the development of open parliament action plans

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Advancing equal societies through women’s political leadership and participation in ASEAN Phase I

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Making Indonesia climate action deliver through environmental democracy (Phase II)

Status
Completed
10
Planned end date

Key results

Provided legislative scrutiny workshops on discriminatory legislation for over 40 MPs, leading to reviews of laws that harm marginalised population, and environmental democracy forums engaging over 128 MPs, leading to reviews of laws and bills that regulate sectors such as oil and gas, biodiversity conservation, waste management, renewable energy, and introduction of a bill on climate change. 

Trained over 90 legal drafters, 120 analysts and researchers, 70 staff members, and 20 auditors from across 15 parliamentary committees and 17 secretariat bodies on topics such as legislative transparency, regulatory impact assessment, legislative scrutiny, green budgeting, climate action, women’s political leadership, and public participation. 

Facilitated the engagement of over 400 academic researchers, experts, civil society reformers in various parliamentary processes that have contributed to legislative products on drugs enforcement, counterterrorism, anti-corruption, climate change, jobs creation, renewable energy, oil and gas, disaster mitigation, waste management, biodiversity conservation, and affirmative action for women in politics.  

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